In January 2021, a liquid nitrogen leak at the Foundation Food Group poultry plant in Gainesville, Georgia, claimed the lives of 6 workers who died while attempting to save their colleagues.
A December 2023 report in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution detailed findings from a newly released federal investigation, which deemed the incident “completely preventable” and revealed critical safety lapses at the plant. The tragedy had a disproportionate impact on North Georgia’s immigrant community, which is integral to the local poultry industry and represented 5 of the 6 lives lost.
The disaster occurred when a freezer malfunction caused liquid nitrogen to escape, rapidly displacing oxygen and creating a deadly environment. The lack of an emergency plan and critical safety features, such as ventilation or oxygen monitoring systems, compounded the chaos as workers, unaware of the risks or proper response measures, were overcome by the gas while attempting to assist others.
The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board report emphasized the absence of proper safety training, hazard assessments, and emergency response protocols at the plant. Investigators found that workers were unaware of the risks associated with liquid nitrogen, and critical safety features, such as functional ventilation or oxygen monitoring systems, were not in place.
The lack of preparedness meant that employees were unaware of how to respond, leading to tragic consequences. Board Chairperson Steve Owens stated, “This was a terrible tragedy that resulted from systemic failures.”
OSHA’s investigation identified numerous safety violations and cited the company for failing to provide adequate safety measures.
The aftermath of the incident continues to impact the Gainesville community, particularly the families of the workers who lost their lives. The federal report not only sheds light on the preventable nature of the disaster but also serves as a stark reminder of the importance of workplace safety standards and the devastating consequences of neglecting them.
What happens if you’re exposed to liquid nitrogen?
Liquid nitrogen, with its incredibly low temperature of -196°C (-320°F), is a versatile substance widely used in industries and laboratories for applications such as freezing, cooling, and preservation. Its unique properties make it highly effective for many tasks, but it also brings significant risks when not handled properly.
The main hazards arise from its extremely cold temperature, which can cause severe physical injuries; its rapid vaporization into nitrogen gas, which can lead to pressure buildup or unexpected expansion; and its ability to displace oxygen in the air, creating potentially life-threatening environments in poorly ventilated spaces.
Some injuries that can arise from contact with liquid nitrogen include:
- Frostbite. Liquid nitrogen can freeze the skin and underlying tissues on contact, leading to severe frostbite. This can cause numbness, discoloration, blisters, and permanent tissue damage.
- Cryogenic burns. Extreme cold exposure can result in burns similar to thermal burns. These burns may blister or cause skin to peel away.
- Cold shock. Prolonged exposure can damage deeper tissues, including muscles and nerves, resulting in long-term complications.
- Inhalation risks. In a confined space, liquid nitrogen rapidly vaporizes and displaces oxygen. Inhaling nitrogen gas can lead to dizziness, unconsciousness, or even death due to oxygen deprivation.
- Explosive hazards. If liquid nitrogen is contained in a sealed area, its rapid vaporization can cause a pressure buildup and an explosion.
The potential risks associated with liquid nitrogen make safety precautions essential. Proper training and the use of protective equipment have been shown to minimize these dangers.
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What PPE is required for refrigerant handling?
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for safely handling refrigerants, like liquid nitrogen, to protect against exposure, frostbite, and chemical burns. The specific PPE required depends on the type of refrigerant and the task being performed, but common requirements include:
- Safety goggles or face shields. Protects eyes from splashes or contact with refrigerants, which can cause severe eye damage or frostbite.
- Chemical-resistant gloves. Insulated gloves are made from materials like neoprene or nitrile to prevent skin contact and frostbite from refrigerants at extremely low temperatures.
- Long-sleeved protective clothing. Protects the skin from direct contact with refrigerants, preventing frostbite or chemical burns.
- Steel-toed shoes. Protects feet from heavy equipment or containers used during refrigerant handling.
- Respiratory protection. If refrigerants are handled in poorly ventilated areas, respirators with appropriate cartridges or supplied air systems may be necessary to prevent inhaling harmful fumes.
- Hearing protection. Ear protection may be required when handling refrigerants involving noisy equipment, such as compressors.
If your employer does not provide the required PPE or other safety measures for handling these substances, you can first try reporting the issue to your supervisor or safety manager, as many concerns can be resolved internally.
If this doesn’t work or you don’t feel comfortable addressing the issue with your employer yourself, you should contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which enforces workplace safety regulations. You can file an anonymous complaint with OSHA through their website or by calling 1-800-321-OSHA.
Can undocumented immigrants receive workers’ compensation benefits in Georgia?
Yes, in Georgia, immigrants can receive workers’ compensation benefits regardless of their immigration status. This includes undocumented workers injured at poultry plants who may have used false identities to secure employment.
As long as you’re an employee of an employer who is required to provide workers’ comp under Georgia law and your injury or illness is a direct result of your job, you’re entitled to the same workers’ compensation benefits as any other employee in the state. These benefits include medical care, compensation for lost wages while you recover, and death benefits for family members if you suffer a fatal injury.
Remember, most Georgia employers must provide these benefits to their employees regardless of their legal status.
If you’re an undocumented worker in Georgia who’s been injured on the job, it’s advisable to consult with a local Atlanta workers’ compensation attorney who can help protect your rights and navigate the claims process effectively.
Looking for the best Atlanta work injury attorney to help with your workers’ comp claim?
If you’ve suffered an injury at work in Georgia due to liquid nitrogen exposure or any other workplace hazard, the dedicated Atlanta workers’ compensation attorneys at Gerber & Holder are here to help.
With 75 years of combined experience, our legal team has helped countless injured workers across Georgia secure the benefits they deserve. We’re committed to fighting for your rights and supporting you throughout the claims process to maximize your compensation and secure your financial future.
Contact Gerber & Holder Workers’ Compensation Attorneys today for a free consultation.
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References
File a Complaint | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2024). Osha.gov. https://www.osha.gov/workers/file-complain
Lautaro Grinspan. (2023, December 13). Report: Georgia poultry workers died trying to save their colleagues. Ajc; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. https://www.ajc.com/news/georgia-news/report-georgia-poultry-workers-died-trying-to-save-their-colleagues/6Q3OULK4LRCRJGCLPTBBLQBTWI/
